Recognizing Early Warning Signs for PTSD

Recognizing Early Warning Signs for PTSD PTSD Coping Print Recognizing Early Warning Signs of PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 05, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 15, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children PhotoAlto/Frederic Cirou / Getty Images The severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms can change over time, and therefore, it is important to recognize PTSD early warning signs that may indicate your symptoms are being triggered or worsening.   How to Identify Early Warning Signs Managing the symptoms of PTSD takes a lot of effort and the regular use of healthy coping skills. Sometimes  stressful experiences or changes in mood may make it difficult to keep up these healthy coping skills. For instance, a person with PTSD may notice herself slipping into the use of avoidance behaviors  (for example, isolating herself from loved ones) or unhealthy coping strategies, such as substance use, deliberate self-harm, or binge eating.?? This could lead to PTSD symptoms returning or becoming worse, or, in other words, a relapse. Given this, it is very important to learn how to catch a relapse early on. While the term “relapse prevention” is commonly used with regards to substance abuseâ€"that is, a person with a substance use problem is considered to have “relapsed” if they go back to regularly drinking or using drugs after a period of abstinenceâ€"the term can also be used with other conditions, such as PTSD. PTSD: Coping, Support, and Living Well Relapse Prevention in PTSD Relapse prevention is a set of skills designed to reduce the likelihood that symptoms (such as those of PTSD) will worsen or that a person will return to unhealthy behavior, such as  substance use.?? Skills include: Identifying early warning signs  that symptoms may be worseningRecognizing high-risk situations for relapseUnderstanding how everyday, seemingly mundane decisions may put you on the road to relapse (for example, skipping lunch one day may make you more vulnerable to being  in a bad mood) You can think about relapse prevention in the same way you think about fire prevention. We can take a number of steps to prevent fires, such as having fire extinguishers handy, using smoke detectors in our homes, or making sure we keep flammable things away from open flames or sources of heat. However, despite taking all of these steps, fires still happen. However, all of these preventive efforts do a lot to reduce the frequency and severity of fires. Similarly, there are a number of things you can do to prevent the return or increase of PTSD symptoms. That being said, it would be unreasonable to think that PTSD symptoms may never be triggered. Some things are out of our control. For example, you may inadvertently see a reminder of your traumatic event or get pulled into a conversation about something that reminds you of it. Anniversaries of a traumatic event are also unavoidable and are often associated with a resurgence in PTSD symptoms. Through the use of relapse prevention skills, you can identify the early warning signs of returning or worsening PTSD symptoms, which allows you to take quick action. PTSD Warning Signs Symptoms do not usually just pop up out of the blue. They are usually preceded by some warning signs. These can be many (sometimes minor) things, such as the experience of certain emotions, changes in thoughts, or changes in behavior. Below are common warning signs.?? See if any of these are consistent with your experience, but remember that everyones PTSD symptoms and signs are unique. Changes in How You Think “I don’t care about going to therapy anymore.”“Nothing is working out for me. I am never going to get better.”“No one cares about me or what I do. What’s the point of going on?”“I’m feeling a little down. This must mean that I am going to fall into a deep depression again.” Changes in Your Mood “Everyone is getting on my nerves lately.”“I just don’t feel happy, even when I am around people that I know I love.”“I am beginning to feel really jumpy and on edge.”“My mood keeps changing rapidly. In minutes, I can go from feeling really happy to really down or terrified.” Changes in Your Behavior “I just don’t have the energy to take care of myself in the morning. I haven’t showered for days.”“I don’t want to be around people anymore. I’ve been isolating myself.”“I’ve been drinking more, but just to take the edge off of my feelings a little.”“I’ve noticed that I am less talkative than I used to be.” What Are Your Warning Signs? Awareness of your own personal warning signs may make a return of PTSD symptoms feel more predictable and less unexpected.?? Recognition of your own warning signs also provides you with the opportunity to cope with these changes before they become unmanageable.   Once you have identified your warning signs, come up with a plan of action. You can turn to a mental health professional to help  with this. PTSD Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Your therapist or psychiatrist may also engage you in a form of psychotherapy or talk therapy called stress inoculation therapy, where you learn to manage stressful and anxiety-ridden situations. In the end, under the guidance of your therapist, you need to figure out how you can best cope. In addition, it is also a good idea to share your warning signs with a loved one so that he can also be on the lookout and help you cope should one arise. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Impact Of The Energy Industry On The Oil And Gas Industry

2.0 RATIONALE NNPC was founded in 1977 to manage Nigeria’s interests in the oil and gas industry. Prior to this, the oil industry was run by the international oil companies (IOCs), restricting the state’s involvement to collection of production leases, exploration license fees and regulation. In 1971, Nigeria joined the OPEC, whose major requirement was that the oil industries in the member states were to be nationalized. On the heels of that came a nationalization program which required the Nigerian government to own 60% equity of all investments made in the economy. In line with this, the NNOC (Nigerian National Oil Company), a progenitor of the NNPC, was established to handle the country’s major stake in the oil industry with respect†¦show more content†¦If properly managed, exploitation of these resources can yield huge revenue streams that would alleviate poverty and encourage growth. Weak or bad governance however, would escalate crime, corruption, increase pove rty and ultimately erode human rights. This however, is no excuse for oil and gas companies operating in such an environment to shirk their responsibility in respecting human rights. This then makes it all the more challenging. Managers therefore, should be conversant with the elements within their environment that wield power, and can impose their desires on the organization. Power and urgency should as a matter of high importance, be dealt with for managers to deliver the legal and moral interests of all legitimate stakeholders (Mitchel, et al., 1997). In managing this paradox, there must be trust existing within all concerned parties i.e. the JV partners (NNPC and CNL) and all relevant stakeholders, and that the parties concerned trust that the partners will conduct themselves in a societally responsible manner, up to denying itself profits (De Wit, 2014). CNL for example, is known to operate by an ethical policy which states; Do it safely or not at all. There’s always time to do it right (Chevron, 2015); and this cuts across all its intents from crossing the pedestrian walkway to its deep drilling operations. This has been distilled into the organizational culture and manyShow MoreRelatedThe Oil And Gas Industry1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe oil and gas industry is characterized by many processes, including exploration, resource extraction, refining, transport, and the trade of products. These resources are important to a number of other industries, and have become vital to the maintenance of industrial civilization. Not o nly does energy affect the big businesses on the coasts and across the oceans; but it also affects everyday people in rural America, from pump jacks to coal mines. It’s easy to see that technology affects retailRead MoreThe Canadian Oil Industrys Impact On Canada1477 Words   |  6 PagesCanadian Oil Industry’s Impact on Canada The Overview: Diverse and multi-faceted, the Canadian business market is one of the strongest functioning mixed market economies in the world. Within the Canadian economy, the oil and gas sector stands as one of the largest and most influential sectors. The oil and gas industry is unique as it affects almost every person and sector of the economy worldwide, whether it is through commodity or material input costs. In Canada, this growing industry could allowRead MoreEssay about JWI515 Week 5 Assignment 21521 Words   |  7 Pagesstructure of its industry and stake out a position that is more profitable and less vulnerable to attack. By understanding how the five competitive forces that shape strategy influences profitability in a particular industry, executives can develop a strategy for enhancing their company’s long-term profits (Porter, 2014). Define the relevant industry: The Oil Service Industry The oil/energy industry is one of the largest industries in the United States. According to the Department of Energy (DOE), fossilRead MoreExxon Mobil And Mobil Corporation1224 Words   |  5 Pagesthe seasons to gas prices. Many of the changes we are used to today, took a long time to become what they are now. For example, Exxon Mobil Corporation, also known as, Exxon Mobil, is an American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas, United States. Exon Mobil is an industry leader in almost every aspect of the energy and petrochemical business, they operate facilities or market products in most of the world’s countries and explore for oil and natural gas on six continentsRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing Has Recently Grown In Popularity As1516 Words   |  7 Pagesrecently grown in popularity as a means of energy production. There are advantages and disadvantages, mainly relating to the environment and the economy, of this industry. Although there are p ros and cons to both sides of the issue, a compromise needs to be found for both the safety of the environment and to be able to support affordable energy production. Hydraulic fracturing, as an industry, has had a large economic impact by creating jobs. Using natural gas from hydraulic fracturing, instead of coalRead MoreGovernment Intervention On Kazakhstan Oil Industry Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesName : Tinglin Zhang Subject : Assignment : Essay Topic : Government intervention in Kazakhstan Oil Industry The world concerned problem today the energy problem. Among other reasons of its country is growing thirst for oil and gas made thus a matter of strategic energy security. Oil is the stratagem industry of the development of economy and society. With the development phase of Kazakhstan’s oil resources is speeding, the world big powers seek the benefits here, Kazakhstan becomes the new focusRead MoreFactors And Challenges Of The Oil And Gas Industry1455 Words   |  6 PagesChallenges to the Oil and Gas Industry Dr. Saman Aryana â€Æ' Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....2 Challenges to Oil and Gas Sector†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Worsening Fiscal Terms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Conventional Reserves in Challenging Areas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Environmental and Health Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Issues Related to Petroleum on Economy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4-5 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...9 â€Æ' Introduction Oil and Gas sector is oneRead MoreGovernment Intervention On Kazakhstan Oil Industry Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pageseconomics and economic theory in practice Assignment : Essay Topic : Government intervention in Kazakhstan Oil Industry The world concerned problem today is the energy problem. Among other reasons of its country is growing thirst for oil and gas made thus a matter of strategic energy security. Oil is the stratagem industry in the development of economy and society. As the Kazakhstan’s oil industry is speeding developing, becoming one biggest world resources station, that is the main reason for KazakhstanRead MorePestel Analysis Is A Marketing Framework Used To Identify748 Words   |  3 Pagesanalyze the macro-environmental factors surrounding an industry or an organization. The frame work consist of five components: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal. Political The Oil and Gas industry is heavily impacted by political factors by means such as tax policy, import export, exchange rate, and so on. Below are most recent change in global political context. †¢ The relationship between the US dollar and oil prices. When the USD strengthens, the price of commoditiesRead MoreThe Economic Report On Fracking, Is It Worth It?1465 Words   |  6 Pagesforeign oil and natural gas has created a vulnerability affecting our national security and economic stability. Up until this past decade there was an appreciable decline in our oil and natural gas production in the US and we were tied to world market price fluctuations. Oil prices and natural gas prices rose and fell based on OPEC’s and other large oil and natural gas producers’ production and pricing decisions. Beginning in 2005, things began to change in the US oil and natural gas industry. New

The Brave New World Response Paper - 1102 Words

After reading the novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley I realized that this is no ordinary story. It predicts a future overpowered by technology and government and where the people have no true freedom of choice. This book made me think about whether the utopia depicted in the novel would be a perfect place to live or a terrible place to live. It is hard to distinguish where the line is drawn between making life simpler and losing the meaning of life. Although some may look upon this type of life with envy I personally would rather have to work hard and earn my living than to lose the chance to make my own destiny. The first thing that made me dislike the idea of this utopia was the fact that the government overpowered the world and†¦show more content†¦No one is given the chance to move up and make more of themselves. The members of each class are ranked according to their mental capacity and physical appearance which are also predetermined before their birth. This seems that it would take away all individual motivation and dreams. If you think about it sometimes dreams are all we have. It is unfair that even before you are born your future is already written out for you. Another reason I do not see brave new world as a utopia is the conditioning of the people which has lead them to a lack of individuality and care for each other’s well-being. Due to their conditioning, they do not fear death but accept it as a way of life, they view life as expendable. This goes against the most basic of human instincts. If the loss of a life means nothing, wouldn’t that convey the idea that the life itself meant nothing? The people in the book are also deprived of their history, culture, and background. According to my views, these things are an unquestionably important aspect of life and I would go so far as to say that I could not live without them. If the people of the brave new world were granted these things that signify individuality and freedom such as the ability to create their own culture, it leaves the possibility for revolution which is the very reason they are not given ability to obtain them. The society alsoShow MoreRelatedBuffy Mo ntgomery. Dr. Walter Frazee. Biology. March 11,852 Words   |  4 Pages Buffy Montgomery Dr. Walter Frazee Biology March 11, 2017 Are We Living in Huxley s Brave New World? In today s world, we are deeply divided into social classes. Entertainment rules the world and the people care more about Facebook likes and impersonal digital interactions then they do about spending real time with family and friends. In today s world, outrageous parties are thrown and everyone does ecstasy and praises their experience. We live in a wold whereRead MoreSeneca s Theory Of Ethics Caught My Interest1282 Words   |  6 Pageswould not know for I was not alive; however, it feels like we are in a similar climate. Everyone wants the newest products, the new iPhone that comes out every year, that new pair of shoes, that new videogame system, that new watch, or that new house, etc. Although we have yet to reach the world described by Aldous Huxley in that of the literary classic â€Å"Brave New World,† which depicts a society constructed upon drowning in excess consumption of sex and soma, where John, the savage, is perceivedRead MoreMarketing Metaphors : Business As A Journey And My New Venture1438 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"make a point or reinforce a point† (Miller, 2008, para 6 7). This paper will look at the concept of the following business metaphors: business as a journey and my new venture. Included in this paper is the histo ry and reasons for these metaphors. Also, this paper examine the vehicle/tenor relationship, denotative and connotative meanings and the implications and effects of these metaphors. Metaphors are useful in the business world as they build relationships with the target domain it describes. ForRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Black Women 1645 Words   |  7 Pageswere discriminated along racial, ethnic, class and social lines drawing them as half-humans. They had to go through difficulties in their daily lives, but the challenges to some extent helped them become tough and strong. This paper will use information from the books Still Brave and Sister Citizen to bring out the oppression of the black women in America. The oppression is based on race, gender, and sexuality. The books use what is known as anthologies which are historical narratives helping readersRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau s Brave New World1574 Words   |  7 Pagesfluttering of wings. In a time where kids sit indoors on their computers playing games or working on papers rather than exploring the vast expanses of nature, more and more people are realizing the potentially negative side effects of the advancement of technology and the progress of society. One philosopher who was quite outspoken in his opinion on the matter is Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In response to the increasing organization of society and our constant need for more, Rousseau postulated that societyRead MoreEssay on The Womens Rights Movement 1848-19201091 Words   |  5 Pages The Women’s Rights Movement was a long and persistent battle fought by many brave female advocates that came before us such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony. These women selflessly dedicated their lives to the ratification of the 19th Amendment, which forever changed the lives of womankind in America. Prior to their efforts, the United States was still in shambles over the Civil War and spent most of its focus on rebuilding the country and securing rights to AfricanRead MoreAction Research. Research Has Shown That Technology Can1498 Words   |  6 Pagesclass activities and discussions, many teachers have the same observation: the bravest and loudest students tend to dominate. This paper begins a research project that addresses that issue. It will look to technology to find a way to increase student participation and interactivity from those shy, quiet students who sit and listen to loud students. Specifically, this paper begins the process to determine if a chat application can improve shy, quiet– those who speak up in class with the least frequency–Read MoreA Description for a Solution to Armageddon 1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe world is caught between diminishing energy resources and increasing climate change. Countries around the world (like Russia, China, India, South Korea, France, UK, USA) with their growing population highlight how important the demand for energy is fueling the global economy. If this demand is met by the massive carbon emissions from fossil fuels, then we are headed to a climate Armageddon. The most realistic solution for this exponential demand is nuclear energy. The use of nuclear energy willRead MoreEssay Thinking1352 Words   |  6 Pagesintelligent paper on it, I had to search my memory for the actions that made me think, learn, act and react. So, I took a trip down memory lane and thought back to my childhood and started thinking of my elementary school days, high school days, military days, right on through to raising my children and now attempting college myself. What a trip! I’m not sure if I am learning anything or if I just keep going to see where I will wind up. At any rate, I will try to apply all these things into this paper asRead MoreThe Effects Of Random Audience On Cancer958 Words   |  4 PagesFor my final project, I decided to write my paper over my findings of if people were knowledgeable about cancer. This is a subject that is near and dear to my heart, I have had a few family diagnosed with cancer. Most of them are now in remission and I did lose a two family members that lost their battle. I think if more people became knowledgeable about cancer, we maybe can find a cure in the near future. I will explain how I analyzed the knowledge of the random audience that I selected to

An Alarming Portrait of the Nuclear Power in the World Free Essays

Unfortunately, even if someone could wave a magic wand that causes all of the nuclear weapons on earth to disappear, many believe that due to the depletion of natural resources, the earth would still be in danger of catastrophe, and humankind in danger of extinction. Jonathan Schell’s book â€Å"Fate of the Earth† is an alarming portrait of the nuclear power in the world. Since the end of World War II, nuclear arms have kept the world’s population in a state of constant concern that â€Å"something† could happen, whether by design or accident. We will write a custom essay sample on An Alarming Portrait of the Nuclear Power in the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now As tensions continue to build throughout the Middle East, particularly between India and Pakistan, and more recently the nuclear potential of North Korea and China, the nuclear arms race may have subsided between the United States and Russia however, it is still alive and thriving around the globe. As Schell writes, â€Å"These bombs were built as weapons for war but their significance greatly transcends war and all its causes and outcomes†¦ They grew out of history, yet they threaten to end history† (Schell 3). The potential for nuclear war seems to increase daily as more countries seek to obtain the ultimate weapon of power, the â€Å"Rolls Royce† of combat, the ability to destroy thousands of lives in a flash. Yet with that flash, comes not only the possibility but the probability of more flashes resulting in incalculable damage to life and the earth itself. Schell writes that nuclear weapons â€Å"are a pit into which the whole world can fall – a nemesis of all human intentions, actions and hopes† (Schell 3). Yet, many believe that the earth’s future is in peril even without the threat of nuclear wars. They believe that the impact of man upon the environment and the planet’s natural resources threatens the earth and humankind as greatly as any nuclear war. Within recent decades, many environmental indicators have moved outside the range in which they have varied for the past half-million years (Wallstrom pp). According to a 2004 article in the International Herald Tribune, â€Å"We are altering our life support system and potentially pushing the planet into a far less hospitable state† and if policies cannot be developed to cope with the â€Å"uncertainty, complexity and magnitude of global change, the consequences for society may be huge† (Wallstrom pp). Although there has been much progress during the last century, such as the eradication of major diseases along with increased life expectancy and standards of living for many, the global population has tripled since 1930 to more than six billion and shows signs of continue growth, and moreover, the global economy has increased more than 15-fold since 1950 (Wallstrom pp). This progress has led to a wide-ranging impact on the environment as human activities have begun to significantly affect the planet and how it functions (Wallstrom pp). Atmospheric composition, land cover, marine ecosystems, coastal zones, freshwater systems and global biological diversity have all been substantially affected,† however, it is the magnitude and rate of this human-driven change that are most alarming (Wallstrom pp). The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide due to human activity is nearly 100 parts per million and still growing (Wallstrom pp). This is already equal to the entire range experienced between an ice age and a warm period such as today and it has occurred at least ten times faster than any natural increase in the last half-million years (Wallstrom pp). Moreover, human influence extends beyond atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and increases in global mean temperature (Wallstrom pp). During the 1990’s, the average area of humid tropical forest cleared yearly was equivalent to roughly half the area of England, and at current extinction rates, humans â€Å"may well be on the way to the Earth’s sixth great extinction event† (Wallstrom pp). The Earth is a well-connected system, thus, carbon dioxide emitted in one country rapidly mixes throughout the atmosphere, and pollutants released into the ocean in one location are transported to distant parts of the planet (Wallstrom pp). The impacts of global change are complex, since they combine with local and regional environmental stresses in unexpected ways (Wallstrom pp). For example, coral reefs are now under additional pressure from changing carbonate chemistry in ocean surface waters, a result of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (Wallstrom pp). Moreover, the wildfires that hit Europe, Canada, California and Australia in 2003 were the result of many factors, such as land management, ignition sources and extreme local weather (Wallstrom pp). However, prevailing warm and dry conditions, most likely linked to climate change, amplified fire intensity and extent (Wallstrom pp). Due to poor access to fresh water, more than two billion people now live under what experts call â€Å"sever water stress,† and with population growth and economic expansion, this number is expected to double by 2025 (Wallstrom pp). Biodiversity losses, currently driven by habitat destruction associated with land-cover change, will be further exacerbated by future climate change. Beyond 2050, rapid regional climate change, as would be caused by changes in ocean circulation in the North Atlantic, and irreversible changes, such as the melting of the Greenland ice sheet and the accompanying rise in sea levels of 6 meters, or 20 feet, could have huge economic and societal consequences (Wallstrom pp). Past geological records indicate that never before has the Earth experience the current â€Å"suite† of simultaneous changes and many feel that humans are sailing into â€Å"planetary terra incognita† (Wallstrom pp). According to a 1999 article from Cornell University, â€Å"because population growth can not continue indefinitely, society can either voluntarily control its numbers or let natural forces such as disease, malnutrition, and other disasters limit human numbers† (Pimentel pp). Human population, especially in urban areas, together with the increasing food, water, air, and soil pollution by pathogenic organisms and chemicals, are causing a rapid increase in the prevalence of disease and human deaths (Pimentel pp). Due to current food shortages, more than 3 billion people are malnourished worldwide, the largest number and proportion ever, and according to the World Health Organization, an estimated 40,000 children die each day due to malnutrition and other diseases (Pimentel pp). Humans are responsible for fifty-five percent of all available water run-off (Myers pp). Moreover, greater amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus are mobilized by humans in the form of crop fertilizer than by natural processes, and humans harvest an amount of ocean fish that reflects fully one third of phytoplankton productivity in temperate continental shelves (Myers pp). A NASA study released in April 2005, has revealed the heat exchange between the Earth and space is seriously out of balance, leading researchers to call it the â€Å"smoking gun† discovery that validates forecasts of global warming (Hanley pp). According to computer models of climate change, the global temperatures will rise 1 degree Fahrenheit this century, â€Å"even if greenhouse gases are capped tomorrow† (Hanley pp). And if carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping emissions continue to grow, things could spin â€Å"out of our control† especially as ocean levels rise from melting Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets (Hanley pp). James Hansen of NASA said the research shows that â€Å"for every square meter of surface area, the planet is absorbing almost one watt more of the sun’s energy than it is radiating back to space as heat – a historically large imbalance† (Hanley pp). According to a Stanford University study release May 16, 2005, the first signs of spring are appearing earlier each year: robins are arriving several days earlier, woodpeckers are laying their eggs a week earlier, and Washington’s cherry trees bloom a month earlier than they did fifty years ago (Borenstein pp). The study says that man-made global warming is clearly to blame, and means that the global environment is changing so fast that the slow evolutionary process of species adaptation cannot keep up (Borenstein pp). How to cite An Alarming Portrait of the Nuclear Power in the World, Essay examples

Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Essays - Happiness, Motivational Theories

Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs The hierarchy of needs and the hygiene theory are alike but are also different. I shall go through each one of these theories and inform the reader of these differences and similarities. Each one in its own right is correct but now that we near the millenium, we should rethink or atleast re-read these theories and see if they are, in fact, still alive today. Abraham Maslow is known for establishing the theory of a hierarchy of needs, writing that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. Maslow studied exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglas rather than mentally ill or neurotic people. This was a radical departure from two of the chief schools of psychology of his day: Freud and B.F. Skinner. Freud saw little difference between the motivations of humans and animals. We are supposedly rational beings; however, we do not act that way. Such pessimism, Maslow believed, was the result of Freud's study of mentally ill people. The study of crippled, stunted, immature, and unhealthy specimens can yield only a cripple psychology and a cripple philosophy (Motivation and Personality). Skinner, on the other hand, studied how pigeons and white rats learn. His motivational models were based on simple re wards such as food and water, sex, and avoidance of pain. Say sit to your dog and give the dog a treat when it sits, and-after several repetitions--the dog will sit when you command it to do so. Maslow thought that psychologists should instead study the playfulness, affection, etc., of animals. Maslow's hierarchy of needs was an alternative to the depressing determinism of Freud and Skinner. He felt that people are basically trustworthy, self-protecting, and self-governing. Humans tend toward growth and love. Although there is a continuous cycle of human wars, murder, deceit, etc., he believed that violence is not what human nature is meant to be like. Violence and other evils occur when human needs are thwarted. In other words, people who are deprived of lower needs such as safety may defend themselves by violent means. He did not believe that humans are violent because they enjoy violence. Or that they lie, cheat, and steal because they enjoy doing it. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, safety, love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs deficiency needs. As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy; locking gratification makes us sick or evil. In other words, we are all needs junkies with cravings that must be satisfied and should be satisfied. Else, we become sick. Needs are proponent. A proponent need is one that has the greatest influence over our actions. Everyone has a proponent need, but that need will vary among individuals. A teenager may have a need to feel that a group accepts him. A heroin addict will need to satisfy his/her cravings for heroin to function normally in society, and will not worry about acceptance by other people. According to Maslow, when the deficiency needs are met: At once other (and higher) needs emerge, and these, rather than physiological hungers, dominate the organism. And when these in turn are satisfied, again new (and still higher) needs emerge, and so on. As one desire is satisfied, another pops up to take its place. Physiological needs are the very basic needs such as air, water, food, sleep, sex, etc. When these are not satisfied we may feel sickness, irritation, pain, discomfort, etc. These feelings motivate us to alleviate them as soon as possible to establish homeostasis. Once they are alleviated, we may think about other things. Safety needs have to do with establishing stability and consistency in a chaotic world. These needs are mostly psychological in nature. We need the security of a home and family. However, if a family is dysfunction, i.e., an abusive husband, the wife cannot move to the next level because she is constantly concerned for her safety. Love and belongingness have to wait until she is

Definition and Examples of Confirmation in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Confirmation in Rhetoric Definition In classical rhetoric, the confirmation is the main part of a speech or text in which logical arguments in support of a position (or claim) are elaborated. Also called confirmatio. Etymology:  From the Latin verb confirmare, meaning strengthen or establish. Pronunciation: kon-fur-MAY-shun Confirmation is one of the classical rhetorical exercises known as the  progymnasmata. These exercises, originating in ancient Greece with the rhetorician Aphthonius of Antioch, were designed to teach rhetoric by providing exercises in increasing difficulty, beginning with simple storytelling and increasing to complex arguments. In the confirmation exercise, a student would be asked to logically reason in favor of some topic or argument found in myth or literature. The rhetorical opposite of confirmation is refutation, which involves arguing against something instead of in its favor. Both require logical and/or moral arguments to be marshaled in similar ways, simply with opposite goals. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: The Parts of a SpeechWhat Are the Progymnasmata? Examples of Confirmation The few bright meteors in mans intellectual horizon could well be matched by woman, were she allowed to occupy the same elevated position. There is no need of naming the De Staels, the Rolands, the Somervilles, the Wollstonecrafts, the Wrights, the Fullers, the Martineaus, the Hemanses, the Sigourneys, the Jagiellos, and the many more of modern as well as ancient times, to prove her mental powers, her patriotism, her heroism, her self-sacrificing devotion to the cause of humanitythe eloquence that gushes from her pen or from her tongue. These things are too well known to require repetition. And do you ask for fortitude of mind, energy, and perseverance? Then look at woman under suffering, reverse of fortune, and affliction, when the strength and power of man has sunk to the lowest ebb, when his mind is overwhelmed by the dark waters of despair. She, like the tender plant, bent but not broken by the storms of life, now only upholds her own hopeful courage, but, like the tender shoots of the ivy, clings around the tempest-fallen oak, to bind up the wounds, peak hope to his faltering spirit, and shelter him from the returning blast of the storm.(Ernestine Rose, An Address on Womens Rights, 1851) This food would likewise bring great custom to taverns; where the vintners will certainly be so prudent as to procure the best receipts for dressing it to perfection, and consequently have their houses frequented by all the fine gentlemen.(Jonathan Swift,  A Modest Proposal) Explanations of Confirmation Cicero on ConfirmationThe confirmation is that part of a narration that, by marshaling arguments, lends force, authority, and support to our case. . . .All argumentation is to be carried on either by analogy or by the enthymeme. Analogy is a form of argument that moves from assent on certain undisputed facts through approval of a doubtful proposition due to the resemblance between what is granted and what is doubtful. This style of argument is threefold: the first part consists of one or more similar instances, the second part is the point we wish to have conceded, and the third is the conclusion that reinforces the concessions or shows the consequences of the argument.Enthymematic reasoning is a form of argument that draws a probable conclusion from the facts under consideration.(Cicero, De Inventione)Aphthonius on Confirmation in the ProgymnasmataConfirmation is showing proof for any matter at hand. But one must confirm neither those things clearly manifest nor those utterly imposs ible, but those that hold an intermediate position. And it is necessary for those engaged in confirmation to treat it in a manner that is exactly the opposite of refutation. First, one must speak of the good reputation of the proponent; then, in turn, to make the exposition and to make use of the opposite headings: the clear instead of the unclear, the probable for the improbable, the possible in place of the impossible, the logical instead of the illogical, the suitable for the unsuitable, and the expedient in place of the inexpedient.This exercise encompasses all the power of the art.(Aphthonius of Antioch, Progymnasmata, late fourth century. Readings from Classical Rhetoric, ed. by Patricia P. Matsen, Philip B. Rollinson, and Marion Sousa. Southern Illinois University Press, 1990)

Organizing Your Genealogy Files

Organizing Your Genealogy Files Piles of copies of old records, printouts from genealogy websites, and letters from fellow genealogy researchers are sitting in piles on the desk, in boxes, and even on the floor. Some are even mixed in with bills and your childrens school papers. Your papers may not be completely disorganized if youre asked for something specific, you can probably find it, but it definitely isnt a filing system that you would describe as efficient. Believe it or not, the solution is as simple as finding an organizational system that suits your needs and research habits and then making it work. It might not be as simple as it sounds, but it is doable and will ultimately help to keep you from spinning your wheels and duplicating research. Which Filing System is Best Ask a group of genealogists how they organize their files, and youre likely to get as many different answers as genealogists. There are a number of popular genealogy organization systems, including binders, notebooks, files, etc., but there truly is no individual system which is best or correct. We all think and behave differently, so ultimately the most important consideration in setting up your filing system is that it must fit your personal style. The best organization system is always the one that you will use. Taming the Paper Monster As your genealogy project progresses youll find that you have numerous paper documents to file for each individual that you research birth records, census records, newspaper articles, wills, correspondence with fellow researchers, Web site printouts, etc. The trick is to develop a filing system that will enable to easily lay your fingers on any of these documents at any time. Commonly used genealogical filing systems include: By Surname:  All papers for an individual surname are filed together.By Couple or Family:  All papers related to a husband and wife or family unit are filed together.By Family Line:  All papers related to a specific family line are filed together. Many genealogists begin by starting with four such ancestral lines one for each of their grandparents.By Event:  All papers related to a specific event type (i.e. birth, marriage, census, etc.) are filed together. Beginning with any of the four systems mentioned above, you could then further organize your papers into the following categories: By Location:  Papers are first grouped by one of the four genealogy filing systems listed above, and then further broken down by country, state, county, or town to reflect your ancestors migration. For example, if you chose the Surname Method, you would first group all CRISP ancestors together, and then further break the piles down into the England CRISPs, the North Carolina CRISPs, and the Tennessee CRISPs.By Record Type:  Papers are first grouped by one of the four genealogy filing systems listed above, and then further broken down by record type (i.e. birth records, census records, wills, etc.). Binders, Folders, Notebooks, or Computer The first step to starting an organizational system is to decide on the basic physical form for your filing (piles dont count!)   file folders, notebooks, binders, or computer disks. Filing Cabinet and File Folders:  File folders, probably the most popular organizational tool for genealogists, are inexpensive, very portable, and easily hold papers of different shapes and sizes. When dropped, however, file folders can become quite a mess with papers thrown out of order, and possibly misplaced. File folders make it easy to consult documents, but you have to be diligent about making sure the paper is put back where it came from. Once youve generated a lot of paper, however, the file folder system is the most flexible and expandable.Binders:  If youre someone who really likes to keep things together in one place, then organizing your printed genealogy data into binders may be a good option for you. This method standardizes your genealogical records into a regular size paper format. Documents that you dont wish to three-hole punch, can be added in polypropylene sleeves. Binders are portable and dont require a filing cabinet, however, if you do a lot of genealogic al research you may find that binders eventually become too cumbersome on their own.​ Computer Disks, CDs, and DVDs:  Transcribing  or scanning genealogical documents into the computer can save quite a bit of space, and computerized organizational systems can greatly speed up tedious tasks such as sorting and cross-referencing. CD-ROM quality has also greatly improved, supposedly lasting indefinitely under proper storage conditions. But, will your descendants 100 or more years from now have a computer that can read them? If you choose to use your computer as your primary organizational system, consider also making and preserving copies or printouts of important documents. Once you get started organizing your genealogical clutter, youll probably find that a combination of storage methods works best. Some people, for example, use binders to organize proven family and file folders for miscellaneous research on unproven connections, neighborhood or locality research, and correspondence. It is important to keep in mind that organization is and always will be a work in progress. Organizing Your Genealogy Using File Folders To set up and use file folders to organize your genealogy records you will need the following basic supplies: A filing cabinet or file boxes with lids. The boxes need to be strong, preferably plastic, with horizontal inner ridges or grooves for letter-size hanging files.Colored, letter-size hanging file folders  in blue, green, red, and yellow. Look for ones with large tabs. You can also save a bit of money here by purchasing standard green hanging file-folders instead and using colored labels for the color-coding.Manila folders. These should have slightly smaller tabs than the hanging file folders and should have reinforced tops to last through heavy use.Pens. For best results, use a pen with an ultra fine point, felt tip, and black, permanent, acid-free ink.Highlighters. Buy highlighters in light blue, light green, yellow, and pink (dont use red because it is too dark). Colored pencils also work.Labels for file folders. These labels should have blue, green, red and yellow strips along the top and permanent adhesive on the back. Once youve assembled your supplies, its time to get started with the file folders. Use different colored file folders for the lineages of each of your four grandparents in other words, all folders created for the ancestors of one grandparent will be marked with the same color. The colors you select are up to you, but the following color choices are the most common: BLUE - ancestors of your paternal grandfather (fathers father)GREEN - ancestors of your paternal grandmother (fathers mother)RED - ancestors of your maternal grandfather (mothers father)YELLOW - ancestors of your maternal grandmother (mothers mother) Using the colors as outlined above, create a separate folder for each surname, writing names on the hanging file tab insert with the black permanent marker (or printing inserts on your printer). Then hang the files in alphabetical order in your file box or cabinet by color (i.e. put the blues alphabetically in one group, the greens in another group, etc.). If youre new to genealogy research, this may be all you need to do. If you have accumulated a lot of notes and photocopies, however, it is now time to subdivide. Here is where you need to choose how you want to organize your files. The two most popular methods as discussed on page 1 of this article are: by  Surname  (further broken down as needed by Locality and/or Record Type)by  Couple or Family Group The basic filing instructions are the same for each, the difference is primarily in how they are organized. If you arent sure yet which method will work best for you, try using the Surname method for one surname and the Family Group method for one or two families. See which one suits you best, or develop your own combination of the two. Family Group Method Create a family group sheet for each married couple listed on your pedigree chart. Then set up manila folders for each of the families by putting a colored label on the file folder tab. Match the label color to the color of the appropriate family line. On each label, write the names of the couple (using the  maiden name  for the wife) and the numbers from your  pedigree chart  (most pedigree charts use the  ahnentafel numbering system). Example: James OWENS and Mary CRISP, 4/5. Then place these manila family folders in the hanging folders for the appropriate surname and color, arranged in alphabetical order by the husbands first name or in numerical order by the numbers from your pedigree chart. In the front of each manila folder, attach the family group record of the family to serve as a table of contents. If there was more than one marriage, make a separate folder with a family group record for each other marriage. Each family folder should include all documents and notes from the time of a couples marriage. Documents which pertain to events prior to their marriage should be filed in the folders of their parents, such as birth certificates and family census records. Surname and Record Type Method First, sort your files by surname, and then create manila folders for each of the record types for which you have paperwork by putting a colored label on the file folder tab, matching the label color to the surname. On each label, write the name of the surname, followed by the record type. Example: CRISP: Census, CRISP: Land Records. Then place these manila family folders in the hanging folders for the appropriate surname and color, arranged in alphabetical order by the type of record. In the front of each manila folder, create and attach a table of contents that indexes the contents of the folder. Then add all documents and notes which correspond to the surname and type of record.