Monday, August 24, 2020

Government and Politics - The Wisdom of Solomon Can Provide Mid-East peace :: Politics Political Essays

The narrative of King Solomon's intelligence is notable and presents an answer for the contention over East Jerusalem, which contains the notable segment of the city so profoundly valued for containing numerous well known strict locales: respected mosques, different Jewish, Christian and Islamic holy places, the Wailing Wall, the establishment to King Solomon's Temple, to put it plainly, the Old City.   East Jerusalem is right now the loggerhead in the Mid-East harmony process. The Palestinians, with the help of the Arab states, state that no matter what they should have command over East Jerusalem. A solid power in Israeli governmental issues is of a comparative assessment, saying that they won't bargain on this issue, East Jerusalem must be under Israeli control.   Except if a trade off is some way or another came to, it gives the idea that more individuals will pass on in the savagery in this district, warriors will kick the bucket on the two sides, more nonconformists will be slaughtered, more individuals detained, regular citizens including kids, elderly people, even children, will pass on as an immediate aftereffect of the viciousness.   So as to dodge any more brutality maybe we should go to the account of astute old Solomon himself for the arrangement. It is said that sometime in the distant past two ladies showed up before him, both guaranteeing the privilege to a specific infant, each truism that she was the legitimate mother of the kid. Solomon recommended that the infant be isolated in two, and half given to every lady. Hearing this, one of the ladies stated, No, don't do that, let the other lady have it. Solomon, in his knowledge, at that point gave the child to this lady who clearly esteemed the life of the infant over her own enthusiasm for the issue.   Only here and there can a model like this be applied in its exact structure, yet it tends to be adjusted to fit the disagreement regarding East Jerusalem today. Clearly a present-day Solomon can't take steps to crush East Jerusalem and anticipate that one of the sides should proclaim, No! Let them have it. But something comparable can be proposed, an answer that appears to be similarly as insightful as Solomon's. The two sides can consent to an UN power moving in to flatten every one of those antiquated developments, explosive the customary locales, leaving not one stone upon another.   What might this fathom? All things considered, above all, it would tackle the contention over East Jerusalem - no more viciousness, not one more passing.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Ethical Leadership Decision Making Education-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Ethical Leadership Decision Making Education? Answer: Introducation Morals is a lot of standards and virtues that causes individuals to lead an existence with moral standards and take choices that will additionally support the general public. Morals have higher significance in the life of medical caretakers, as it is significant for them to comprehend moral thought of their training more than the states law. Morally joined nursing practice causes them to take viable choices for quiet wellbeing, security and self-governance (Sellman, 2017). This task talks about a moral circumstance where a patient W have fear of malignant growth and accordingly her family didn't need her to think about her basic circumstance and palliative consideration. As a medical caretaker to understanding W, I am exceptionally near her, and as per her words, she can acknowledge reality, paying little mind to its cruelty, from my mouth. This task will give the responses to this moral quandary of and will give the strategy of such circumstance, in the light of moral standards and moral speculations. Further, this task will incorporate the explanation because of which, I won't illuminate her about her disintegrated wellbeing condition and considering non-evil and usefulness over self-rule, equity and veracity. The moral standards of nursing care are self-sufficiency, advantage, non-evil, equity and veracity. These standards are of much significance, as while confronting any moral situation, medical attendants need to think about these standards to make any further stride (Ellis, 2017). In the referenced contextual analysis, my relationship with the patient was the prime explanation behind the moral issue, as I was near the patient. Therefore, as I returned from two days off, the patient shared every one of her hypotheses about her wellbeing condition to me and requested that I uncover reality with regards to her wellbeing. In such circumstance, the game-plan ought to be as indicated by the moral standards and laws (Goethals, Dierckx de Casterl Gastmans, 2012). The main standard discussions about the self-governance of the individual and states that each person under consideration arrangement has the appropriate for self-assurance, autonomy and opportunity to take their own choices. Along t hese lines, it is significant for the clinicians and nursing staff in the clinical settings to regard the self-governance of the patient and make circumstances to deal with the self-governance of the patient. This incorporates models, for example, permitting the patient to check his/her, clinical archives and look for help to comprehend their wellbeing condition. Further, it is the obligation of the social insurance laborer to cause the patient to comprehend the hazard related with the wellbeing condition (Goethals, Dierckx de Casterl Gastmans, 2012). In any case, as indicated by the standards of morals identified with self-governance, if the clinician or the group of the patient considers the ailment can influence the state of mind of the patient then they have the option to conceal the data from the patient according to the morals of value (Johnstone, 2015). The second and third rule advantage and non-perniciousness tells that attendants ought to use each progression to make the patient solid again and in this strategy, they ought not hurt the patient purposefully or unexpectedly. Helpfulness and non-wrathfulness are moral standards to spare the patients from causal hurting. It permits the clinicians to take choices for the government assistance of the patient and furnish them with potential advantages rather than potential dangers. While the non-evil includes securing the rights and patients just as their families and includes standards to help individuals who are at serious risk or need clinicians backing to accomplish wellbeing (Johnstone, 2015). Further, the rule of equity and veracity establishes that patient has the privilege of balance, decency and unprejudiced nature and veracity looks for the attendants to be honest and genuine to the patients (Krishna, Watkinson Beng, 2015). Henceforth, the standard of equity decide the equival ent dissemination of accessible assets among every patient, who can recoup utilizing that asset and makes the social insurance process increasingly reliable and straightforward. Then again, veracity needs the medicinal services experts to be honest to the emergency clinic authority, understanding and the families so that while taking choices about medical procedure or cruel clinical medications, the patient and the families can trust upon the human services office (Krishna, Watkinson Beng, 2015). While giving consideration to persistent W, I understood that she strained about her state of being and hypothesizing that her family and specialists are concealing any significant actuality from her. In such circumstance, reality with regards to her wellbeing can influence her psychological state and debase her wellbeing condition. (Singapore Nursing Board, 2018) Therefore, I won't uncover reality with regards to her wellbeing condition. As indicated by the guideline of helpfulness and non -wrathfulness, she will be furnished with most ideal consideration while in palliative consideration and divulgence of such realities can influence her intellectually. Along these lines, on account of W, the guideline of value and non-evil overrules the standards of equity, veracity and self-sufficiency. Henceforth, the patient won't be educated about her genuine wellbeing condition (SINGAPORE NURSING BOARD, 2018). In any case, while finishing the further game-plan, the nursing moral speculations ought to likewise be considered. These hypotheses are utilitarianism and deontology. As per the hypothesis of utilitarianism, if any activity gives better result of the whole populace in game-plan, at that point it is ethically right (Lowry Peterson, 2012). This hypothesis decides most noteworthy great as more significant than singular rights and laws. Along these lines, in this circumstance, the patient ought not be educated about her wellbeing condition as her individual right was less significant than her palliative consideration that can fulfill her relatives. Then again, the hypothesis of deontology confirms that center basic rights ought to be given to each person, regardless of the results it brings to their lives (Crossan, Mazutis Seijts, 2013). These rights are directly for security, truth and satisfaction of guarantees. This hypothesis assists with choosing the good and bad of some random cir cumstance without pondering the outcomes. This hypothesis gives a conflicting conclusion and decides the activity of concealing realities from W as off-base and permits me to state truth before the patient. Be that as it may, I won't uncover her wellbeing condition as, as indicated by the utilitarianism hypothesis, and standards of advantage and non-wrathfulness, she ought to be furnished with best consideration while in palliative consideration and exposure of her wellbeing condition can influence her intellectually (Lachman, 2012). Thus, the game-plan to manage this situation ought to be supporting the patient and clearing her questions about her better half and the doctor concealing truth of her physical state. I will pick proper words to make the patient calm and positive about her wellbeing (Shapiro Stefkovich, 2016). Further, I will attempt to convey not many of wellbeing conditions as during palliative consideration, she may create manifestations that can influence her psychological well-being. Under-correspondence of her state can prompt unfriendly circumstances and to forestall that, I will attempt to convey the explanation of her wellbeing condition in the long run. I will attempt to keep up the relationship with her so she can express every last bit of her issues to me decisively, which can additionally assist me with taking fundamental mediations (Aguinis Bradley, 2014). At last, I will request that her relative converse with her and resolve her disarray so she can get over the sentiment of being igno rant about the wellbeing condition. It is significant for any human services supplier to deal with each moral part of care process and furnish the patients with their privileges. In this talked about contextual investigation, the relatives of the W kept her ignorant about her serous wellbeing condition and as I was near the patient, she needed me to reveal her wellbeing condition to her. Be that as it may, in this situation, the standards and hypotheses of nursing morals helped me to comprehend the way that the hypothesis of utilitarianism and standards of non-perniciousness and usefulness dominates the standards of self-rule and equity as the patient can misfortune her psychological quality. The speculations and standards of nursing morals helped me to set up the strategy for this circumstance. References Aguinis, H., Bradley, K. J. (2014). Best practice suggestions for planning and executing trial vignette technique studies.Organizational Research Methods,17(4), 351-371. Crossan, M., Mazutis, D., Seijts, G. (2013). Looking for goodness: The job of temperances, qualities and character qualities in moral choice making.Journal of Business Ethics,113(4), 567-581. Ellis, P. (2017).Understanding Ethics for Nursing Students, second Edn, pp. 234-245, Learning Matters. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=SiElDwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=what+is+ethics+in+nursingots=tGfnRFDCWjsig=oSr3CPBmZSP_9CdStrti6WdRmUQ Goethals, S., Dierckx de Casterl, B., Gastmans, C. (2012). Medical attendants decision?making in instances of physical limitation: a union of subjective evidence.Journal of cutting edge nursing,68(6), 1198-1210. Johnstone, M. J. (2015).Bioethics: a nursing point of view, sixth Edn, pp. 123-129, Elsevier Health Sciences. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=4dRQCgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=nursing+ethical+principles+singaporeots=YEtKUZzJbksig=mhCvm04iCa81ftKJzw4u_8dqdg0#v=onepageq=nursing%20ethical%20principles%20singaporef=false Krishna, L. K. R., Watkinson, D. S., Beng, N. L. (2015). Cutoff points to social autonomyThe Singaporean experience.Nursing ethics,22(3), 331-340. Lachman, V. D. (2012). Applying the morals of care to your nursing practice.Medsurg Nursing,21(2), 112. Lowry, R., Peterson, M. (2012). Cost

Saturday, July 18, 2020

Recognizing Early Warning Signs for PTSD

Recognizing Early Warning Signs for PTSD PTSD Coping Print Recognizing Early Warning Signs of PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 05, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 15, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children PhotoAlto/Frederic Cirou / Getty Images The severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms can change over time, and therefore, it is important to recognize PTSD early warning signs that may indicate your symptoms are being triggered or worsening.   How to Identify Early Warning Signs Managing the symptoms of PTSD takes a lot of effort and the regular use of healthy coping skills. Sometimes  stressful experiences or changes in mood may make it difficult to keep up these healthy coping skills. For instance, a person with PTSD may notice herself slipping into the use of avoidance behaviors  (for example, isolating herself from loved ones) or unhealthy coping strategies, such as substance use, deliberate self-harm, or binge eating.?? This could lead to PTSD symptoms returning or becoming worse, or, in other words, a relapse. Given this, it is very important to learn how to catch a relapse early on. While the term “relapse prevention” is commonly used with regards to substance abuseâ€"that is, a person with a substance use problem is considered to have “relapsed” if they go back to regularly drinking or using drugs after a period of abstinenceâ€"the term can also be used with other conditions, such as PTSD. PTSD: Coping, Support, and Living Well Relapse Prevention in PTSD Relapse prevention is a set of skills designed to reduce the likelihood that symptoms (such as those of PTSD) will worsen or that a person will return to unhealthy behavior, such as  substance use.?? Skills include: Identifying early warning signs  that symptoms may be worseningRecognizing high-risk situations for relapseUnderstanding how everyday, seemingly mundane decisions may put you on the road to relapse (for example, skipping lunch one day may make you more vulnerable to being  in a bad mood) You can think about relapse prevention in the same way you think about fire prevention. We can take a number of steps to prevent fires, such as having fire extinguishers handy, using smoke detectors in our homes, or making sure we keep flammable things away from open flames or sources of heat. However, despite taking all of these steps, fires still happen. However, all of these preventive efforts do a lot to reduce the frequency and severity of fires. Similarly, there are a number of things you can do to prevent the return or increase of PTSD symptoms. That being said, it would be unreasonable to think that PTSD symptoms may never be triggered. Some things are out of our control. For example, you may inadvertently see a reminder of your traumatic event or get pulled into a conversation about something that reminds you of it. Anniversaries of a traumatic event are also unavoidable and are often associated with a resurgence in PTSD symptoms. Through the use of relapse prevention skills, you can identify the early warning signs of returning or worsening PTSD symptoms, which allows you to take quick action. PTSD Warning Signs Symptoms do not usually just pop up out of the blue. They are usually preceded by some warning signs. These can be many (sometimes minor) things, such as the experience of certain emotions, changes in thoughts, or changes in behavior. Below are common warning signs.?? See if any of these are consistent with your experience, but remember that everyones PTSD symptoms and signs are unique. Changes in How You Think “I don’t care about going to therapy anymore.”“Nothing is working out for me. I am never going to get better.”“No one cares about me or what I do. What’s the point of going on?”“I’m feeling a little down. This must mean that I am going to fall into a deep depression again.” Changes in Your Mood “Everyone is getting on my nerves lately.”“I just don’t feel happy, even when I am around people that I know I love.”“I am beginning to feel really jumpy and on edge.”“My mood keeps changing rapidly. In minutes, I can go from feeling really happy to really down or terrified.” Changes in Your Behavior “I just don’t have the energy to take care of myself in the morning. I haven’t showered for days.”“I don’t want to be around people anymore. I’ve been isolating myself.”“I’ve been drinking more, but just to take the edge off of my feelings a little.”“I’ve noticed that I am less talkative than I used to be.” What Are Your Warning Signs? Awareness of your own personal warning signs may make a return of PTSD symptoms feel more predictable and less unexpected.?? Recognition of your own warning signs also provides you with the opportunity to cope with these changes before they become unmanageable.   Once you have identified your warning signs, come up with a plan of action. You can turn to a mental health professional to help  with this. PTSD Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Your therapist or psychiatrist may also engage you in a form of psychotherapy or talk therapy called stress inoculation therapy, where you learn to manage stressful and anxiety-ridden situations. In the end, under the guidance of your therapist, you need to figure out how you can best cope. In addition, it is also a good idea to share your warning signs with a loved one so that he can also be on the lookout and help you cope should one arise. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Impact Of The Energy Industry On The Oil And Gas Industry

2.0 RATIONALE NNPC was founded in 1977 to manage Nigeria’s interests in the oil and gas industry. Prior to this, the oil industry was run by the international oil companies (IOCs), restricting the state’s involvement to collection of production leases, exploration license fees and regulation. In 1971, Nigeria joined the OPEC, whose major requirement was that the oil industries in the member states were to be nationalized. On the heels of that came a nationalization program which required the Nigerian government to own 60% equity of all investments made in the economy. In line with this, the NNOC (Nigerian National Oil Company), a progenitor of the NNPC, was established to handle the country’s major stake in the oil industry with respect†¦show more content†¦If properly managed, exploitation of these resources can yield huge revenue streams that would alleviate poverty and encourage growth. Weak or bad governance however, would escalate crime, corruption, increase pove rty and ultimately erode human rights. This however, is no excuse for oil and gas companies operating in such an environment to shirk their responsibility in respecting human rights. This then makes it all the more challenging. Managers therefore, should be conversant with the elements within their environment that wield power, and can impose their desires on the organization. Power and urgency should as a matter of high importance, be dealt with for managers to deliver the legal and moral interests of all legitimate stakeholders (Mitchel, et al., 1997). In managing this paradox, there must be trust existing within all concerned parties i.e. the JV partners (NNPC and CNL) and all relevant stakeholders, and that the parties concerned trust that the partners will conduct themselves in a societally responsible manner, up to denying itself profits (De Wit, 2014). CNL for example, is known to operate by an ethical policy which states; Do it safely or not at all. There’s always time to do it right (Chevron, 2015); and this cuts across all its intents from crossing the pedestrian walkway to its deep drilling operations. This has been distilled into the organizational culture and manyShow MoreRelatedThe Oil And Gas Industry1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe oil and gas industry is characterized by many processes, including exploration, resource extraction, refining, transport, and the trade of products. These resources are important to a number of other industries, and have become vital to the maintenance of industrial civilization. Not o nly does energy affect the big businesses on the coasts and across the oceans; but it also affects everyday people in rural America, from pump jacks to coal mines. It’s easy to see that technology affects retailRead MoreThe Canadian Oil Industrys Impact On Canada1477 Words   |  6 PagesCanadian Oil Industry’s Impact on Canada The Overview: Diverse and multi-faceted, the Canadian business market is one of the strongest functioning mixed market economies in the world. Within the Canadian economy, the oil and gas sector stands as one of the largest and most influential sectors. The oil and gas industry is unique as it affects almost every person and sector of the economy worldwide, whether it is through commodity or material input costs. In Canada, this growing industry could allowRead MoreEssay about JWI515 Week 5 Assignment 21521 Words   |  7 Pagesstructure of its industry and stake out a position that is more profitable and less vulnerable to attack. 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When the USD strengthens, the price of commoditiesRead MoreThe Economic Report On Fracking, Is It Worth It?1465 Words   |  6 Pagesforeign oil and natural gas has created a vulnerability affecting our national security and economic stability. Up until this past decade there was an appreciable decline in our oil and natural gas production in the US and we were tied to world market price fluctuations. Oil prices and natural gas prices rose and fell based on OPEC’s and other large oil and natural gas producers’ production and pricing decisions. Beginning in 2005, things began to change in the US oil and natural gas industry. New

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Brave New World Response Paper - 1102 Words

After reading the novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley I realized that this is no ordinary story. It predicts a future overpowered by technology and government and where the people have no true freedom of choice. This book made me think about whether the utopia depicted in the novel would be a perfect place to live or a terrible place to live. It is hard to distinguish where the line is drawn between making life simpler and losing the meaning of life. Although some may look upon this type of life with envy I personally would rather have to work hard and earn my living than to lose the chance to make my own destiny. The first thing that made me dislike the idea of this utopia was the fact that the government overpowered the world and†¦show more content†¦No one is given the chance to move up and make more of themselves. The members of each class are ranked according to their mental capacity and physical appearance which are also predetermined before their birth. This seems that it would take away all individual motivation and dreams. If you think about it sometimes dreams are all we have. It is unfair that even before you are born your future is already written out for you. Another reason I do not see brave new world as a utopia is the conditioning of the people which has lead them to a lack of individuality and care for each other’s well-being. Due to their conditioning, they do not fear death but accept it as a way of life, they view life as expendable. This goes against the most basic of human instincts. If the loss of a life means nothing, wouldn’t that convey the idea that the life itself meant nothing? The people in the book are also deprived of their history, culture, and background. According to my views, these things are an unquestionably important aspect of life and I would go so far as to say that I could not live without them. If the people of the brave new world were granted these things that signify individuality and freedom such as the ability to create their own culture, it leaves the possibility for revolution which is the very reason they are not given ability to obtain them. The society alsoShow MoreRelatedBuffy Mo ntgomery. Dr. Walter Frazee. Biology. March 11,852 Words   |  4 Pages Buffy Montgomery Dr. Walter Frazee Biology March 11, 2017 Are We Living in Huxley s Brave New World? In today s world, we are deeply divided into social classes. Entertainment rules the world and the people care more about Facebook likes and impersonal digital interactions then they do about spending real time with family and friends. In today s world, outrageous parties are thrown and everyone does ecstasy and praises their experience. We live in a wold whereRead MoreSeneca s Theory Of Ethics Caught My Interest1282 Words   |  6 Pageswould not know for I was not alive; however, it feels like we are in a similar climate. Everyone wants the newest products, the new iPhone that comes out every year, that new pair of shoes, that new videogame system, that new watch, or that new house, etc. Although we have yet to reach the world described by Aldous Huxley in that of the literary classic â€Å"Brave New World,† which depicts a society constructed upon drowning in excess consumption of sex and soma, where John, the savage, is perceivedRead MoreMarketing Metaphors : Business As A Journey And My New Venture1438 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"make a point or reinforce a point† (Miller, 2008, para 6 7). This paper will look at the concept of the following business metaphors: business as a journey and my new venture. Included in this paper is the histo ry and reasons for these metaphors. Also, this paper examine the vehicle/tenor relationship, denotative and connotative meanings and the implications and effects of these metaphors. Metaphors are useful in the business world as they build relationships with the target domain it describes. ForRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Black Women 1645 Words   |  7 Pageswere discriminated along racial, ethnic, class and social lines drawing them as half-humans. They had to go through difficulties in their daily lives, but the challenges to some extent helped them become tough and strong. This paper will use information from the books Still Brave and Sister Citizen to bring out the oppression of the black women in America. The oppression is based on race, gender, and sexuality. The books use what is known as anthologies which are historical narratives helping readersRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau s Brave New World1574 Words   |  7 Pagesfluttering of wings. 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An Alarming Portrait of the Nuclear Power in the World Free Essays

Unfortunately, even if someone could wave a magic wand that causes all of the nuclear weapons on earth to disappear, many believe that due to the depletion of natural resources, the earth would still be in danger of catastrophe, and humankind in danger of extinction. Jonathan Schell’s book â€Å"Fate of the Earth† is an alarming portrait of the nuclear power in the world. Since the end of World War II, nuclear arms have kept the world’s population in a state of constant concern that â€Å"something† could happen, whether by design or accident. We will write a custom essay sample on An Alarming Portrait of the Nuclear Power in the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now As tensions continue to build throughout the Middle East, particularly between India and Pakistan, and more recently the nuclear potential of North Korea and China, the nuclear arms race may have subsided between the United States and Russia however, it is still alive and thriving around the globe. As Schell writes, â€Å"These bombs were built as weapons for war but their significance greatly transcends war and all its causes and outcomes†¦ They grew out of history, yet they threaten to end history† (Schell 3). The potential for nuclear war seems to increase daily as more countries seek to obtain the ultimate weapon of power, the â€Å"Rolls Royce† of combat, the ability to destroy thousands of lives in a flash. Yet with that flash, comes not only the possibility but the probability of more flashes resulting in incalculable damage to life and the earth itself. Schell writes that nuclear weapons â€Å"are a pit into which the whole world can fall – a nemesis of all human intentions, actions and hopes† (Schell 3). Yet, many believe that the earth’s future is in peril even without the threat of nuclear wars. They believe that the impact of man upon the environment and the planet’s natural resources threatens the earth and humankind as greatly as any nuclear war. Within recent decades, many environmental indicators have moved outside the range in which they have varied for the past half-million years (Wallstrom pp). According to a 2004 article in the International Herald Tribune, â€Å"We are altering our life support system and potentially pushing the planet into a far less hospitable state† and if policies cannot be developed to cope with the â€Å"uncertainty, complexity and magnitude of global change, the consequences for society may be huge† (Wallstrom pp). Although there has been much progress during the last century, such as the eradication of major diseases along with increased life expectancy and standards of living for many, the global population has tripled since 1930 to more than six billion and shows signs of continue growth, and moreover, the global economy has increased more than 15-fold since 1950 (Wallstrom pp). This progress has led to a wide-ranging impact on the environment as human activities have begun to significantly affect the planet and how it functions (Wallstrom pp). Atmospheric composition, land cover, marine ecosystems, coastal zones, freshwater systems and global biological diversity have all been substantially affected,† however, it is the magnitude and rate of this human-driven change that are most alarming (Wallstrom pp). The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide due to human activity is nearly 100 parts per million and still growing (Wallstrom pp). This is already equal to the entire range experienced between an ice age and a warm period such as today and it has occurred at least ten times faster than any natural increase in the last half-million years (Wallstrom pp). Moreover, human influence extends beyond atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and increases in global mean temperature (Wallstrom pp). During the 1990’s, the average area of humid tropical forest cleared yearly was equivalent to roughly half the area of England, and at current extinction rates, humans â€Å"may well be on the way to the Earth’s sixth great extinction event† (Wallstrom pp). The Earth is a well-connected system, thus, carbon dioxide emitted in one country rapidly mixes throughout the atmosphere, and pollutants released into the ocean in one location are transported to distant parts of the planet (Wallstrom pp). The impacts of global change are complex, since they combine with local and regional environmental stresses in unexpected ways (Wallstrom pp). For example, coral reefs are now under additional pressure from changing carbonate chemistry in ocean surface waters, a result of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (Wallstrom pp). Moreover, the wildfires that hit Europe, Canada, California and Australia in 2003 were the result of many factors, such as land management, ignition sources and extreme local weather (Wallstrom pp). However, prevailing warm and dry conditions, most likely linked to climate change, amplified fire intensity and extent (Wallstrom pp). Due to poor access to fresh water, more than two billion people now live under what experts call â€Å"sever water stress,† and with population growth and economic expansion, this number is expected to double by 2025 (Wallstrom pp). Biodiversity losses, currently driven by habitat destruction associated with land-cover change, will be further exacerbated by future climate change. Beyond 2050, rapid regional climate change, as would be caused by changes in ocean circulation in the North Atlantic, and irreversible changes, such as the melting of the Greenland ice sheet and the accompanying rise in sea levels of 6 meters, or 20 feet, could have huge economic and societal consequences (Wallstrom pp). Past geological records indicate that never before has the Earth experience the current â€Å"suite† of simultaneous changes and many feel that humans are sailing into â€Å"planetary terra incognita† (Wallstrom pp). According to a 1999 article from Cornell University, â€Å"because population growth can not continue indefinitely, society can either voluntarily control its numbers or let natural forces such as disease, malnutrition, and other disasters limit human numbers† (Pimentel pp). Human population, especially in urban areas, together with the increasing food, water, air, and soil pollution by pathogenic organisms and chemicals, are causing a rapid increase in the prevalence of disease and human deaths (Pimentel pp). Due to current food shortages, more than 3 billion people are malnourished worldwide, the largest number and proportion ever, and according to the World Health Organization, an estimated 40,000 children die each day due to malnutrition and other diseases (Pimentel pp). Humans are responsible for fifty-five percent of all available water run-off (Myers pp). Moreover, greater amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus are mobilized by humans in the form of crop fertilizer than by natural processes, and humans harvest an amount of ocean fish that reflects fully one third of phytoplankton productivity in temperate continental shelves (Myers pp). A NASA study released in April 2005, has revealed the heat exchange between the Earth and space is seriously out of balance, leading researchers to call it the â€Å"smoking gun† discovery that validates forecasts of global warming (Hanley pp). According to computer models of climate change, the global temperatures will rise 1 degree Fahrenheit this century, â€Å"even if greenhouse gases are capped tomorrow† (Hanley pp). And if carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping emissions continue to grow, things could spin â€Å"out of our control† especially as ocean levels rise from melting Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets (Hanley pp). James Hansen of NASA said the research shows that â€Å"for every square meter of surface area, the planet is absorbing almost one watt more of the sun’s energy than it is radiating back to space as heat – a historically large imbalance† (Hanley pp). According to a Stanford University study release May 16, 2005, the first signs of spring are appearing earlier each year: robins are arriving several days earlier, woodpeckers are laying their eggs a week earlier, and Washington’s cherry trees bloom a month earlier than they did fifty years ago (Borenstein pp). The study says that man-made global warming is clearly to blame, and means that the global environment is changing so fast that the slow evolutionary process of species adaptation cannot keep up (Borenstein pp). How to cite An Alarming Portrait of the Nuclear Power in the World, Essay examples

Sunday, April 26, 2020

Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Essays - Happiness, Motivational Theories

Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs The hierarchy of needs and the hygiene theory are alike but are also different. I shall go through each one of these theories and inform the reader of these differences and similarities. Each one in its own right is correct but now that we near the millenium, we should rethink or atleast re-read these theories and see if they are, in fact, still alive today. Abraham Maslow is known for establishing the theory of a hierarchy of needs, writing that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. Maslow studied exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglas rather than mentally ill or neurotic people. This was a radical departure from two of the chief schools of psychology of his day: Freud and B.F. Skinner. Freud saw little difference between the motivations of humans and animals. We are supposedly rational beings; however, we do not act that way. Such pessimism, Maslow believed, was the result of Freud's study of mentally ill people. The study of crippled, stunted, immature, and unhealthy specimens can yield only a cripple psychology and a cripple philosophy (Motivation and Personality). Skinner, on the other hand, studied how pigeons and white rats learn. His motivational models were based on simple re wards such as food and water, sex, and avoidance of pain. Say sit to your dog and give the dog a treat when it sits, and-after several repetitions--the dog will sit when you command it to do so. Maslow thought that psychologists should instead study the playfulness, affection, etc., of animals. Maslow's hierarchy of needs was an alternative to the depressing determinism of Freud and Skinner. He felt that people are basically trustworthy, self-protecting, and self-governing. Humans tend toward growth and love. Although there is a continuous cycle of human wars, murder, deceit, etc., he believed that violence is not what human nature is meant to be like. Violence and other evils occur when human needs are thwarted. In other words, people who are deprived of lower needs such as safety may defend themselves by violent means. He did not believe that humans are violent because they enjoy violence. Or that they lie, cheat, and steal because they enjoy doing it. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, safety, love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs deficiency needs. As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy; locking gratification makes us sick or evil. In other words, we are all needs junkies with cravings that must be satisfied and should be satisfied. Else, we become sick. Needs are proponent. A proponent need is one that has the greatest influence over our actions. Everyone has a proponent need, but that need will vary among individuals. A teenager may have a need to feel that a group accepts him. A heroin addict will need to satisfy his/her cravings for heroin to function normally in society, and will not worry about acceptance by other people. According to Maslow, when the deficiency needs are met: At once other (and higher) needs emerge, and these, rather than physiological hungers, dominate the organism. And when these in turn are satisfied, again new (and still higher) needs emerge, and so on. As one desire is satisfied, another pops up to take its place. Physiological needs are the very basic needs such as air, water, food, sleep, sex, etc. When these are not satisfied we may feel sickness, irritation, pain, discomfort, etc. These feelings motivate us to alleviate them as soon as possible to establish homeostasis. Once they are alleviated, we may think about other things. Safety needs have to do with establishing stability and consistency in a chaotic world. These needs are mostly psychological in nature. We need the security of a home and family. However, if a family is dysfunction, i.e., an abusive husband, the wife cannot move to the next level because she is constantly concerned for her safety. Love and belongingness have to wait until she is